HIPAA & HITECH

Miss Veers complies with the underlying arrangement to give are to the men experiencing syphilis and to demonstrate that dark and whites were the equivalent naturally concerning infection. As Miss Veers at first accepts that the legislature would offer the best clinical help accessible to her patients, she rallies up a larger part of the African American men of Macon County. Miss Veers turns out to be significantly connected to the patients, as they are to her. Despite the fact that the legislature supported undertaking expected to treat the men, the assets for the investigation eventually dissipate.Dry. Broods, the main specialist of Tuskegee, heads to Washington where he is gone up against by Washington D. C. Authorities with a proposal of another hidden rule for financing. The honorable men disclose to Dry. Broods that the investigation of the African American men is expected to imitate the examination that was done in Oslo, Norway that concentrated on Caucasian guys who were tain ted. Despite what might be expected, the Tuskegee men would never again be patients who might be dealt with, however as human subjects of exploration. They would likewise not be educated regarding the change of the study.In mistrust, Dry. Broods learns reality with regards to the administration try, however is captivated and confident that the task would bring future subsidizing for legitimate reattempts all together for the African American Men of Tuskegee and to set up the way that an infection would achieve similar effects on individuals paying little mind to race. In dismay and feeling upset that the men won't be dealt with, Miss Veers adheres to her vow and pledge to regarding the men and feels as though she should not surrender them as she will be there for solace and support.Dry. Broads and Miss Veers sought that financing after treatment would be reestablished following a while, yet the years clear by. The men were given fake treatments and liniments and Miss Veers proposed her push to participate in the falsehood that in the long run outcomes in a four-decade time of weakened wellbeing for African American men. This in the long run prompts the 1973 Senate hearing in which Miss Veers affirms into the Tuskegee study which watchers are acquainted with in the start of the film.From there, watchers are taken to the locations of the multi decade Journey, which delineate the numerous instances of moral issues that occurred in the Tuskegee study. The choices and activities of Miss Veers end up being gallant, and yet, numerous deceptive elements and circumstances happened during the investigation. In the Ethics Lecture composed by Lisa Hankerer, the ideas of morals and moral problems are clarified. Inside a working environment or expert gathering, a code of morals must be complied with. â€Å"A proficient Code of Ethics will incorporate how one should act in a moral manner† (Hankerer 1).Different sorts of codes of morals incorporate â€Å"Relations wit h Public†, â€Å"Responsibility to the Profession† and â€Å"Responsibility in the Research and Evaluation† (Hankerer 1), all of which Miss Veers was associated with. Miss Veers made a vow to think about, ensure, and offer passionate help towards the tainted men which is her set of principles as a wellbeing proficient. Time advanced and as the men kept on being untreated, indications started to create and wellbeing begins to break down. An artist of the gathering named Willie, creates issues inside his skeletal framework as his bones deteriorate.Ben, another man of the gathering, starts to give indications of mental brokenness as the syphilis contamination spreads to his cerebrum. Penicillin opened up in the backtalk, yet the contaminated men were not given any. In the end, a few of the untreated men bite the dust. In spite of the fact that Miss Veers had an underlying edge to think about and treat the men, she at last bamboozled them into speculation they would before long improve and kept on giving them fake treatments and pseudo treatment, for example, spinal taps which she called â€Å"back shots† (Miss Veers' Boys).Miss Veers just did what she thought was correct and satisfied her obligation of following the physician's instructions, however her direct was deceptive. She left the limits of the best possible set of principles as an authentic social insurance supplier. Dry. Broads likewise had his toll portion of deceptive activities as he never educated the patients regarding the strategies and tests done upon them. Not once dried. Broods get educated assent from the men to get physical tests from them. Miss Veers' kept on advising the men â€Å"Listen to the specialists, since they know' (Miss Veers Boys). She made an exact Showing of imparting trust the tainted men.Although Dry. Broods' sole intention was to treat the contaminated men with syphilis and get financing for legitimate treatment; object was never satisfied bringing about a multi decade bombed research venture radically influencing and slaughtering the guiltless men in Macon province. In the Ethics Lecture by Lisa Hankerer, she states cap â€Å"the investigation (of the Tuskegee men) has moved from a particular verifiable occasion to a ground-breaking analogy that represents prejudice in medication, unfortunate behavior in human exploration, the presumption of doctors, and government maltreatment of dark people† (1).This addresses the â€Å"Barriers to Ethical Problems† in which Hankerer recognizes in the Ethics Lecture. The financial matters from the backtalk to backtalk was mind boggling, and African Americans absolutely managed numerous monetary obstructions in that time on account of their race. Assets for treatment were reduced for the men of Tuskegee as subsidizing as never supported to the undertaking going about as a hindrance to get authentic treatment to fix the disease of syphilis.The idea of â€Å"Institutional racis m† (Hankerer) adds to the way that the contaminated African American men were untreated for an extensive stretch of time and were never allowed by the U. S. Government to get penicillin as treatment. Another factor adding to the institutional prejudice depicted in Miss Veers Boys was the basic confusion that the African American men of Macon County, Alabama would respond diversely to sickness than Caucasian men.Miss Veers' Boys depicted severe occasions of wellbeing science in America from the backtalk to backtalk that prompted lawful activity towards bigotry and maltreatment of people as exploration subjects. The choices Miss Veers confronted had numerous advantages and disadvantages concerning the tainted men of the Tuskegee Institution with how they felt, what they experienced, and the impacts on their wellbeing. All through the film, as a watcher, I reliably trusted that Miss Veers would resist the shows of the specialists and acquire a remedy for syphilis to treat the men legitimately. References Hankerer, Lisa. â€Å"Ethics Lecture†.Human Development Course. (2014) Miss Veers' BOYS. 1997 TV Movie Youth. Com: http://www. Youth. Com/watch? V=muddy OB8233BA1947FA multi year study and her reasons concerning why she proceeded with it for whatever length of time that she did. The film leaves the watchers to think about the moral and the improper issues of the Tuskegee Experiment. Taking everything into account, Miss Veers may have been one of the fundamental focal points of assessing the Tuskegee concentrate in the 1972 Senate hearing, yet it is the expectations of the U. S congresspersons and government that ought to likewise be taken a gander at for moral assessment.

Free Essays on Analysis Of “The Darkling Thrush”, By Thomas Hardy

As the title has just referenced, this task will be an investigation on a sonnet by Thomas Hardy. The sonnet is called â€Å"The Darkling Thrush†, likewise known by another title, â€Å"By the Century’s deathbed†. My investigation will incorporate components, for example, the poems’ setting, structure, symbolism, lingual authority, rhyme plan and subject. I will go into one component at that point, and them give models from one verse just in that component. I won't return to similar components in different refrains, despite the fact that they are there. Consequently, this won't be a finished investigation of each component in every one of the refrains. I’d rather like to give a careful depiction of what the various components are and afterward give a couple of instances of every one of them. In then end I will attempt to concoct an end. Setting: The sonnet happens on New Years Eve, the most recent day of the nineteenth century. It’s additiona lly the finish of the Victorian Age. Winter is carrying passing and destruction with it. A drained elderly person hangs over a coppice entryway in a forsaken zone, seeing apparitions of the past and little expectation later on. Structure: This sonnet has 4 refrains, each with 8 lines. This is the thing that we call an octave. The lines changes between having 4 and 3 focused on syllables in them, which is called tetrameter (4) and trimeter (3). Since the lines additionally follow a type of having one unstressed syllable followed by one focused on syllable and so forth, we likewise call it rhyming. For instance I utilize the sonnets first refrain. Line number 1, 3, 5 and 7 each have 4 focused on syllables, subsequently called rhyming tetrameter (/ -/ -/ -/ - ). Line number 2, 4, 6, and 8 each have 3 focused on syllables, in this way called versifying trimeter (/ -/ -/ - ) I leant upon a coppice entryway 1 Where Frost was phantom dim, 2 And Winter’s residue made ruined 3 The deb ilitating eye of day. 4 The tangled bine-stems scored the sky 5 Like strings of broken lyres, 6 And all humankind that spooky near 7 Had looked for their family unit fires. 8 Imagery: Thro... Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"The Darkling Thrush†, By Thomas Hardy Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"The Darkling Thrush†, By Thomas Hardy As the title has just referenced, this task will be an examination on a sonnet by Thomas Hardy. The sonnet is called â€Å"The Darkling Thrush†, additionally known by another title, â€Å"By the Century’s deathbed†. My examination will incorporate components, for example, the poems’ setting, structure, symbolism, phrasing, rhyme plan and topic. I will go into one component at that point, and them give models from one refrain just in that component. I won't return to similar components in different verses, despite the fact that they are there. In this manner, this won't be a finished investigation of each component in every one of the refrains. I’d rather want to give an exhaustive portrayal of what the various components are and afterward give a couple of instances of every one of them. In then end I will attempt to concoct an end. Setting: The sonnet happens on New Years Eve, the most recent day of the nineteenth century. It’s likewise the f inish of the Victorian Age. Winter is carrying demise and devastation with it. A worn out elderly person hangs over a coppice entryway in a barren zone, seeing apparitions of the past and little expectation later on. Structure: This sonnet has 4 verses, each with 8 lines. This is the thing that we call an octave. The lines changes between having 4 and 3 focused on syllables in them, which is called tetrameter (4) and trimeter (3). Since the lines additionally follow a type of having one unstressed syllable followed by one focused on syllable and so on, we likewise call it versifying. For instance I utilize the sonnets first verse. Line number 1, 3, 5 and 7 each have 4 focused on syllables, in this way called versifying tetrameter (/ -/ -/ -/ - ). Line number 2, 4, 6, and 8 each have 3 focused on syllables, in this way called versifying trimeter (/ -/ -/ - ) I leant upon a coppice door 1 Where Frost was ghost dark, 2 And Winter’s residue made forsaken 3 The debilitating eye of day. 4 The tangled bine-stems scored the sky 5 Like strings of broken lyres, 6 And all humankind that spooky near 7 Had looked for their family unit fires. 8 Imagery: Thro...

Nietzsche essays

Nietzsche articles Nietzsche: The Man and His Philosophy The book I read on Friedrich Nietzsche was basically separated into four separate parts. Section one of the book comprised of Nietzsche as a youngster, student, and a understudy. The second piece of the novel talked about Nietzsche and his life as an educator. The third and fourth pieces of the book contained the defining moment of his life and afterward his Numerous says that Nietzsches reasoning is exceptionally unexpected as a result of the foundation from which he was raised. His dad, granddad, and extraordinary granddads had all been Lutherans going back to the start of the seventeenth century. Friedrich Nietzsche was conceived on October fifteenth, 1844 in Rocken. Minister Nietzsche had named his child after the new leader of Prussia, Friedrich Nietzsche. Friedrich went through his initial five years of living in a support situated on the open country. After his dad kicked the bucket at age 36, he left the nationalistic underlying foundations of his family and turned into a rootless cosmopolitan. This end up being a enormous occasion in Friedrichs life, and he recorded it in a wistful piece known as Aus Friedrichs scholarly and masterful capacities had been obvious since the time he was a little youngster, so when he got a full grant to the celebrated Pforta school, it was no shock. He was at long last presented to Wagner by his childhood companion Krug, yet in the wake of leaving Pforta for Bonn and Leipzig, he never talked with Krug again. In school Nietzsche became extremely inspired by antiquated Greek and Latin, just as arithmetic and technical disciplines. He was viewed as the best understudy in the school, yet he bombed the arithmetic part of the test. On account of his greatness in old style contemplates, the inspectors asked Gentleman, are we truly going to bomb the best student Pforta has ever had? So Friedrich passed. Nietzsche likewise examined Shakespeare and Lord Byron in school with a German ... <! nietzsche expositions When scrutinizing the issue of our reality one must go to the fundamental inquiries, for example, If we exist, at that point who made us? Numerous strict and otherworldly individuals would have a straightforward answer...God. So this leads the scrutinizing thinker to ask how would we realize that God exists? This is an inquiry that can be taken a gander at with a wide range of viewpoints and first inquiries. In the segment of The Gay Science, entitled The Madman, Nietzsche asserts that our absence of confidence has lead to Gods destruction (Nietzsche, The Gay Science, 181). Without God how might we exist? Nietzsches answer would be that it isn't Gods presence, however the nearness of our individual independence, that is our reality. Nietzsche lived in a period of extraordinary political, social and strict change, and in his philosophical assessment of society, Nietzsche found that the main philosophical perfect that could be identified with these advanced occasions, was skepticism. Nietzsche accepted that on account of the social precariousness, because of radical change, the methods of reasoning of the old Greeks, for example, Plato just as the ways of thinking of current savants were not, at this point material. The explanation behind the absence of legitimacy in the standards of every other scholar was that society had recently had religion as a safeguard. Nietzsche believed that one of the key issues with society is that people felt that when there was an absence of significance in ones life religion was there to count on. This reliance on religion was one of societys key philosophical misguided judgments. As indicated by Nietzsche, the main path for reasoning to have any legitimacy was through ones individu al self-sufficiency and the applying of ways of thinking to a person. (Solomon, 97). Society was too insecure to possibly be comprehended through every single past way of thinking those of both present day and antiquated occasions. The key issue in these transcendently Christian ways of thinking was that Christianity deno... <! Nietzsche papers Nietzsche accepts that individuals in his time are double-dealing. That is the reason he condemns individuals. Nietzsche accepts that he is the voice of every single persecuted individuals. He accepts there is another age coming and it is known as the sundown of the symbols. He believes this new ear will sabotage Christian power, which has overwhelmed the people groups lifestyle as yet. The dusk demonstrates that the sun is at last setting. The Christian icons will plummet and new arrangements of qualities are being made. Through ancestry, which is the family tree of mankind, Nietzsche will give a chronicled record to disclose how we got to this period. Nietzsche feels that lineage must be dark, not blue. It can't be blue, since blue represents the sky. Family history can't be worried about loftiness or stature; rather parentage must be worried about low or base causes. The reason for the evaluate shows that our conventional qualities get from humble sources. Additionally, estimation s of pity and magnanimity make us need to wreck ourselves. People have never looked to know themselves; along these lines this is simply the principal examination of the. In this exposition I will ideally have the option to inspect Nietzsches family history, recreate the genealogical stage, lastly investigate the trait of the overman. There are three inquiries worried about ancestry. Nobody has ever scrutinized the word an incentive previously. So Neitzsche asks, What is the term esteem? Until this point magnanimity was viewed as the most noteworthy worth. He will legitimize his ethical way of thinking on The easygoing will Inherit the earth, at that point all the implications must be turned around. Whatever sound judgment lets us know is acceptable is currently awful, on the grounds that presence of mind discloses to us the genuine estimation of benevolence. The subsequent inquiry manages the genuine bogus inversion, in the event that the case the fact of the matter was switched, which turned around it, at that point for what reason did the inversion adulterate the worth? He utilizes the minister t... <!

Social Problems in Society Essay - 550 Words

Social Problems in Society (Essay Sample) Content: Social Problems in Society Students Name University AffiliationSocial Problems in Society Brent and Scott (2010) define a social problem as an objective reality and a subjective perception. As an objective reality, a social problem is intrinsically real in as much as it has a harmful effect on the lives of some people. As a subjective perception, what constitutes a social problem depends on a communitys perception of the issue. One community can perceive an issue to be a social problem while another community may regard the same issue as a harmless practice. Concisely, a social problem is an issue that adversely affects a persons state of being in a society. One issue universally acknowledged as a social problem is poverty. Eitzen, Zinn Smith (2011) define poverty as a standard of living that is under the minimum required for maintenance of basic human needs: food, clothing, shelter, and health care. Poverty as a phenomenon is both subjective and objective. Objective ly poverty creates degrading conditions in which people cannot cater for their basic needs. Subjectively poverty is an embodiment of perceived social deprivation. Roots of poverty can be traced to a confluence of factors that revolve around inequality of access to resources and opportunities. Poverty though a social problem also give rise to a multitude of other social problems as victims seek ways of extricating themselves from the jaws of poverty (Kolsky Letelier, 2010).Drug and substance abuse is another problem, universally acknowledged as a social problem. Sussman and Ames (2001) define drug abuse as a maladaptive trend of drug use leading to clinically significant mental impairment or distress. This may be manifested in an individuals inability to fulfill their expected duties and roles at home, work or school. Causes of drug abuse range from peer pressure to the spirit of adventurism. The social toll of drug abuse both on the individual and on society is huge and can lead to breakdown of the individual or his family. Another social problem closely related to drug abuse is crime and violence. Crime expresses itself in forms of violence whereby a victim is psychologically tortured, physically injured, or killed. It may assume the form of murder, mugging, robbery, theft, extortion, blackmail, kidnapping among others. Crime debases human dignity and violates the rights of people. It deteriorates the quality of life that people in a community expect thereby distorting social harmony (Makhanya, 2000).Corruption is another universal social problem. According to Myint (2000), corruption refers to the use of public office for private gain. This behavior may take the form of cronyism, bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, extortion, fraud, and arrogation of public property for private use. Corruption thrives due lack of administrative transparency, institutional weaknesses in public bodies for instance the legislature and the judiciary and greed by public officials. Corruption leads to skewed distribution of resources, which is manifest in the high levels of inequality in corrupt societies. This inequality has negative effects on distribution of income, consumption patterns, investment trends, and government expenditure. While the definition of what constitute social problems may differ across societies, some problems cut across the board and are problems in all societies. Other social problems like pros...

Characters from Greek Legend

Final Exam Questions On Sociology - 1284 Words

Final Exam Essays ïÆ'Ëœ Description of your Growth and Learning this Semester o When I decided to take sociology it was because I needed the course. I had very little knowledge about things we discussed throughout this class but I’ve learned a lot of new and interesting things from class discussions. I took helpful notes and facts from articles and the online readings. They have also really helped me and given me insightful information. For example, when we did the activity with the colored beads. We picked beads and each color was a certain amount and that determined what group we were in. I found it interesting how most of everyone moved around but it was one girl I happened to be with when I was in the star group I noticed she never†¦show more content†¦As we discussed theories I more likely agreed with the Functionalist approach on things because I believe it takes us as individuals to make a whole work and that means us fulfilling our duties as people of society and not violating the norm. Most agree men do outside work while women do ins ide work. I personally agree but these roles are changing all the time. I can remember when I used to have to cut grass and wash dishes. I was taught to do both. I feel you are who are and that’s who you should be regardless of how others look at you. ïÆ'Ëœ What Social Factors/Social Forces Influence Who We Are? o I feel like technology, my religion, and media are the most significant things that have shaped me to be who I am today. I chose technology because it has shaped my generation period, such as the IPhone constantly coming out, social networks, and apps being created and making things easy access and faster. Communication with technology is also been on a rise. The news, TV, Radio, Internet, and all electronics have shaped me from what I use and choose to watch and listen to. I attend church and I believe and listen to how I am supposed to act and do before God. o I would have to say my race/ethnicity, religion, and people I’ve been around have molded me to the person I am today. I chose these two because I’m black and to me that means something in this world. Not only my skin color but my religion. What I believe makes me who I am and the decisions I pickShow MoreRelatedThe Textbook, Sociology867 Words   |  4 PagesThe textbook â€Å"Sociology† has tons of information at its publisher website, which includes a different variety of resources that can help expand a student’s understanding of the book and review concepts as well. The website not only has information about the textbook, but has other types of reliable information from outside sources to help understand sociology on a different level. The resources that the website provided were useful, but the resources that I believe that will help me the most is theRead MoreSdffdgdfgfdg1230 Words   |  5 PagesSOC101-53: PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY LECTURE SUMMER 2013 OUTLINE – 8 WEEKS LOCATION: ONLINE LECTURE HOURS/CREDITS: 3/3 Nancy Reeves, Adjunct Instructor nreeves@gccnj.edu College Center: B-142 (856) 468-5000 ext. 6423 Office Hours: By Appointment Only It is the responsibility of the student to review the Online Syllabus at: http://www.gccnj.edu/academics/liberal_arts/syllabi.cfm. Additional information provided includes Core Competencies, Student Learning Outcomes, Topical OutlinesRead MoreMy First Day Of Old Bridge High School991 Words   |  4 Pagesregulation of my new school environment. Would my class interact with me? Will my host teacher accept me as an education student under her wing? Is this the grade level I want to commit myself too? These questions were buzzing around my head until I went to my first class. I walked into the sociology class expecting to have students staring me down and questioning why I was showing up so late in the school year to observe. Too my surprise the class did not let their â€Å"surprise† observer disrupt themRead MoreIntro to Sociology1167 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Intro to Sociology – 1/28 Book: Sidewalk by Dunier Available in NYU Bookstore March 13 – Midterm Exam 30% of Grade May 15 – Final Exam (8 in the Morning) Courses are central to the idea of concept ideas. Readings and course as whole might test hypothesis like pink Floyd, Another Brick in the Wall (No M/C, small essays). What is a Social Science? Empirical, Systematic, Conceptual. There are other realms that people think like how people believe what a society is; iRead MoreStudent Athletes For The University Of Ohio912 Words   |  4 Pagescomplete both tasks. Many students begin to show less motivation making it harder to stay focus and attend their required classes. This is the case of student- athlete Cardale Jones, a quarterback for the University of Ohio. After taking his sociology final exam, he commented that coming to class was pointless when his only responsibility was to play football for the university (Tracy 1). Student athletes start to show poor academic achievement when they consume a lot of time in their sports and oftenRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Toolbox1169 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation needed to pass test and exams. Next, another form may be in the method of study or discussion groups. In study groups, it’s very important to learn to work with others while still providing intellectual input to the group. One more type of active learning you will be asked to do is practicing the material you have already obtained. This is very important because the more you practice a certain topic the better you will become at it. The last and final way you may be asked to learn is byRead MoreThe Curriculum : Education Courses That Promote Professional Nursing Knowledge And Practice1121 Words   |  5 Pagescurriculum includes general education courses that enhance professional nursing knowledge and practice. †¨ Prerequisite general education courses to complete the nursing program consist of anatomy and physiology I II, microbiology, composition I II, sociology speech communications, mathematics for nursing, nursing technology, growth and development, general psychology, and workshop for hybrid students. Starting Fall 2015 semester the school of nursing will no longer require human growth and developmentRead MoreReading And Understanding College Textbooks1223 Words   |  5 Pageschose to implement MyReadingLab beginning in fall 2013 due to a number of challenges we had been facing. Previously, students had to take division exams on an internal web portal in our tutoring and testing center. If students did not receive an 80 percent, they would have to work with a tutor in the computer lab to improve their skills before taking the exam a second time. We experienced high volumes of paperwork and grading errors, and students were not getting what they needed to succeed. MyReadingLabRead MoreRace Class Gender 456 Final Exam1311 Words   |  6 PagesL.ADKINS RCG 456 FINAL EXAM L. Adkins Race Class Gender 456 Final Exam Laura Adkins DSU Student â€Æ' L. Adkins Race Class Gender 456 Final Exam 1. Elaborate Noel’s theory on the contact situation of race relations (20 pts). Sociologist Donald Noel’s hypotheses state, â€Å"If two or more groups come together in a contact situation characterized by ethnocentrism, competition, and a differential in power, then some form of racial or ethnic stratification will result (Healey O Brien, 2015, p. 104)Read MoreSociology A2 Revision 2012 34479 Words   |  18 PagesUnit 3 exam: Wednesday 13th June, am Unit 4 exam: Tuesday 19th June, pm Easter Revision: tbc A2 Syllabus: AQA Sociology GCE (new specification) Unit 3: Mass Media (SCLY3) Worth 20% of your final A Level Written paper, 1 hour 30 minutes 60 marks available Unit 4: Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods (SCLY4) Worth 30% of your final A Level Written paper, 2 hours 90 marks available Timetable Use your revision checklists to draw up a timetable for revision leading up to the exam. Make sure

SWOT Analysis

Questions: 1.Conduct SWOT analysis giving 5 points each for S, W,O,T. 2.Prepare Project Charter. 3.Prepare Communications Plan. Answers: 1.SWOT Analysis Grand wine will implement the wireless devices for order entry by sales representatives. This project have some advantage as well as drawbacks. To measure these we need to do SWOT analysis. Following is the SWOT analysis for the project. Strength Strengths are the capabilities of any system. Following strengths are associated with the new wireless data entry device project The New system will reduce the delivery time for product from warehouse to customer that will make customer happy. Due to availability of inventory in real time, the issues of back order, incorrect order will be reduced. Cost used for fax, email and phone will be save as now less number of employees will require to process of order. Number of orders will be increase due to faster delivery and happy customers. Sales representatives will have all information for product in real time such as future availability of products that helps current customers to be able to place order in advance. Weakness Wireless communication is slow as compared to wires communication and will not available all the time .As new system will stop working during non-availability of network. No order will process till the time its again available. Data processing over wireless will not fast and sometime may lead in incorrect order values. As the planned cost for the overall execution of project will be 60000 AUD which is very less to procure 20 devices along with all other implementations. Data transferred in wireless communication may be distorted because they are spread over an open, vulnerable, and mutable medium with irregular boundary. Additional cost will require to implement the wireless networking across Sydney, so that wireless devices communicate with system and enter the data seamlessly. (David, 2003) Opportunities The new system will able to provide real time inventory to sales representatives that helps customer to get product without any issue of back order or incorrect order and hence company will receive more number or orders from happy customers. Order processing time will be less due to direct order placement by sales representatives that makes customers happy by getting product in less time. In previous order processing system, sales representatives needs to call, fax or email the order data to order processing team. With the new system this time will save and can be utilize in interaction with other customers to make more orders for the company. Order processing system will be available in 24x7 so no dependency of order processing team to process the order. The new system will be based on latest technology that will help Grand wine to make their presence in global market. Threats Data security will be a concern due to increase number of hacking. To avoid this, the new system will require additional security implementation. Server admin will require to maintain the new system that adds cost of hiring. After implement this new system only server admin can edit the order once placed by sales representatives. In case of non-availability sales representatives and customer needs to wait. Additional work load of order entry will be on sales representatives so efficacy may be decreased. Sometime special interactions will be require with order that leads to confusion for delivery team due to no direct interaction with sales representatives. (Jones, 2010) 2.Project Charter: Project Title: Grand wine project Project Manager: John Brown Duration: 6 Months Project Cost: 60000.00 AUD Project Objectives Grand wine objective is to reduce the time in order processing from sales representatives to Sydney office with resolving the issue of back order, incorrect and lost orders. New system will able to reduce the issue of backorders by providing real time inventory information to the sales representatives. The new system will available 24 x 7 for order process across NSW. Acceptance Criteria New wireless data entry project should be delivered in agreed estimated time of 6 month. Overall project cost should not exceed 60000 AUD. Sales representative should able to enter order data from any location without intervention of any other person. The new system should not have issues such as incorrect order, lost order and back orders and sales should be boost post implement this system. Customers and all other stakeholders should be satisfied post this project. Assumptions and Constraints As this is a new system for Grand wine on wireless technology. This have following Assumption and constraints: Wireless communication is not secure due to so many frequency signals available everywhere that may impact due to Grand wine project implementation. Grand wine needs to take prior approvals from government body to avoid such situation of conflicts. Wireless devices should be purchased before the start date of project to accomplish the goals. Post implementation there will be no direct communication between sales representatives and delivery warehouse. (Linda, 2014)_ Stakeholder List Stakeholders are the people who have direct or indirect impact on project delivery .Following is the list of stakeholders for Grand wine project: Name Title E mail Elbert Matt Project Sponsor Elbert.matt@grandwine.com John Brown Project Manager John.brown@grandwine.com Jony Walker Quality Specialist Jony.walker@grandwine.com Michal sandwich Design Specialist Michal.sandwich@grandwine.com Andrew Jones CEO Andrew.jones@grandwine.com Lessons Learned This new project implementation should keep an eye on the procurement of the wireless devices with the quality as per past experience these were the key issues responsible for project failure. Testing of entire project should be done with real small set of users before it deploy for all NSW. Along with these key learnings we should also have monitoring and control on project schedule and cost to avoid project overrun. (Sabyasachi, 2013) Date: Place: Signature: Name: Andrew Jones Title: CEO Email: Andrew.jones@grandwine.com Signature: Name: John Brown Title: Project Manager Email: John.brown@grandwine.com 3.Communication Plan Plan purpose Communication plan is used to captures the project internal and external communication during the execution of project. This plan helps project stakeholders to get visibility of project with pre-defined frequency. Plan also captures mode of communication, stakeholders and deliverables. Communication plan categorizes the roles of project stakeholders related to type of communications. There are 2 types of communications formal and informal in any project. Formal communication further divided in 2 types in person (meetings) and through media (email, phone, messengers) .Informal communication also used slimier modes like meetings, email, phone, messengers but they do not have any business context. Identification of stakeholders Stakeholders for Grand wine project are as per the below table: Name Title E mail Elbert Matt Project Sponsor Elbert.matt@grandwine.com John Brown Project Manager John.brown@grandwine.com Jony Walker Quality Specialist Jony.walker@grandwine.com Michal sandwich Design Specialist Michal.sandwich@grandwine.com Andrew Jones CEO Andrew.jones@grandwine.com Matt Peter Senior developer Peter.somual@grandwine.com Colin Harz developer Merry.smith@grandwine.com Maxy William developer Caluin.Pitt@grandwine.com The major stakeholders will be project sponsor, CEO and project Manager of grand wine. Information to be shared Information will be shared in every communication during the project. For grand wine project major information will be project status, project design and project metrics. (Fill, 2002) Frequency of information exchange Project communications have frequency associated such as daily, weekly, monthly. For Grand wine project Status report and meetings have weekly frequency. There will be a monthly review for the project and design review with no pre-defined frequency. Location of information exchange Location of information exchanges for Grand wine project have meetings in person and over media such as email. Purpose of communication Purpose of communication is to provide update related to project to stakeholders. Mechanism for communication Mechanism or mode of communication will be identifies as in person and through media such as email. Change management Change management will be a subset of communication plan where for any change project manager should inform the stakeholders the reason for change, time required for implement this change with root cause and impact of the change. As an outcome of all above section we will comprises a communications matrix which maps the requirements of communication during the project. Following is the communication matrix required for Grand wine project. (Jyothi, 2010) Communication Type Information to be shared Mechanism for communication Frequency of information exchange stakeholders Communication Deliverable Responsibility for the deliverable Weekly Status Report Project status report will have current state of project that will be shared at weekly frequency and distributed as attachment in email. Email Weekly Sponsor of project, project team and project Manager Status Report Project Manager Team Meeting Meeting to monitor the project status with identify the actions for risk and log them in risk register In-Person Weekly Project Team and project manager Updated project action tacker with risk Register Project Manager Monthly Project Review Present metrics and project status In-Person Monthly Project Sponsor, ,project manager and CEO with other key business Stakeholders Project Status and Metric Report Project Manager Design Review Review of technical or functional designs or associated tasks with the project In-Person As and when Needed Project Team, project manager and quality person Technical and functional design document Project Manager References: David, F. 2003, Strategic Management, 4th Ed. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company. Jones, B. 2010, Neighborhood Planning: A Guide for Citizens and Planners. Chicago and Washington, DC: Planners Press, American Planning Association. Linda Richter 2014, What Is a Project Charter? , https://www.brighthubpm.com/project-planning/5161-what-is-a-project-charter/ Sabyasachi 2013, Why do we need a project charter? https://www.simplilearn.com/project-charter-and-its-importance-article Fill, C. 2002, Marketing Communications. Third edition. Harlow. Pearson Education Jyothi Goudar2010, Effective Project Communication Management, https://www.projectperfect.com.au/white-paper-effective-project-communication-management.php

Italy Tax System free essay sample

Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN BUSINNES LAW Tax system in Italy 2009/2010 Taxation in Italy The taxation system in Italy is administered by the Agenzia delle Entrate (Revenue Agency) which is the national legal authority for taxation. Taxation of an individuals income in Italy is progressive. In other words, the higher the income, the higher the rate of tax payable. There are reduced rates of tax and tax exemptions available to certain income earners. The liability for Italian income tax depends on where a person is domiciled. A domicile is usually the country we regard as the permanent home and where we live most of the year. A foreigner working in Italy for an Italian company who became resident in Italy and has no income tax liability abroad is considered to have a tax domicile in Italy. A person can be resident in more than one country at any time, but can be domiciled only in one country. We will write a custom essay sample on Italy Tax System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The country of domicile is important regarding inheritance tax, as there’s no longer any inheritance tax in Italy. Generally, person is considered to be an Italian resident and liable to Italian tax if any of the following applies: †¢The person has permanent home in Italy; †¢He/She stays at least 183 days in Italy during any calendar year †¢Person carries out paid professional activities or employment in Italy, except when secondary to business activities conducted in another country; †¢The centre of person’s economic interest in in Italy If the person is registered as a resident in a comune, he/ she is liable to pay income tax in Italy. If a person moves to Italy to take up a job or start a business, he/she must register with the local tax authorities soon after the arrival. This is done at a local tax office. An individual is also liable for tax on his income as an employee and on income as a self-employed person. Tax will be payable on income earned in Italy and overseas by an individual who meets the test of a permanent resident of Italy. A foreign resident who is employed in Italy pays tax only on income earned in Italy. It is important to point out as regards taxable income from outside Italy, that a tax credit is granted for tax deducted outside Italy. In the case of income from a salary, the employer is obligated to deduct the amount of tax payable on a monthly basis. A self-employed person must prepay income tax that will be offset on filing an annual return. The advance payment is determined on the basis of the return made for the previous year. In the event of a new business, the advance will be calculated on the basis of estimates made by the owner of the business. The taxation system in Italy is divided into two categories: Direct taxes * IRPEF or IRE: Imposta sui Redditti delle Persone Fisiche ( Personal Income Tax) * IRPEG or IRES: Imposta sur Redditi delle Persone Giuridiche (Corportation Tax on the Income of limited liability and joint-stock companies SRL or SpA) * IRAP: Imposte Regionale sulle Attivita Produttive (Regional Tax which applies to the value of goods and services) Italy Personal Income Tax rates in year 2009 * 23%0 15,000(EUR) * 27%15,001-28,000(EUR) * 38%28,001-55,000(EUR) * 41%55,001-75,000(EUR) 43%75,001 and over (EUR) Capital Gains Tax in Italy For individuals capital gains are generally added to the regular income. †¢The rate of tax payable on capital gains from shareholding is 12. 5% for non-qualifying shareholding of up to 25% in a company. †¢For the purpose of calculating a capital gain, the gain is decreased in line with the rate of increase in inflation, from the date of purchase to the date of sale. In r egard to capital gains in a corporation, identical relief is allowed at the rate of increase in the Index. †¢Companies pay 27. 5% tax on capital gains. In sale of participation, 95% is tax exempt, subject to certain conditions. Italy Reporting Dates and Payment The tax year in Italy ends on December 31st. Advance payments of tax are made on the following basis. †¢ An Individual An individual whose only income is from a salary is not obligated to file an annual tax return. His employer deducts tax from the employee and transfers the payment immediately to the tax authorities on a monthly basis. †¢ A Self-Employed Individual is obliged to pay 100% of the tax forecast for a year, or an amount that is the equivalent of 98% of the tax paid in the previous year. The pre-payment is made in two installments. 40% of the total is paid by June 20th and the remaining 60% is paid on November 30. The date for filing an annual return for an individual is July 31. Fines are imposed for arrears in filing an annual return at the rate of 120% 240% of the tax, depending on the length of time that the return is in arrears. †¢ A Limited Company A limited company is obligated to submit Financial Statements within 30 days of the date of approval of the Statements. Up until the date of approval of the Statements, the Company is obligated to pay the amount of tax due for the previous year as well as 40% of the advance on account of the tax forecast for the current year. Italy Deduction of Tax at Source Italy Taxation of Employees As regards employed persons, the employer is obligated to deduct tax at source from an employee and to make additional contributions to social security. Italy Social Security †¢An employed person the employers contribution is around 30% of the salary and the employees contribution is around 10% of the salary. A self-employed person the rate of payment is between 17%-25. 7% with an upper limit that changes from year to year. Indirect taxes * IVA (VAT) * Imposta di Registro (Registration Tax) * Imposte Ipotecarie e Catastali (Mortgage and Land Registration) * Imposta di Bollo (Revenue Stamps) * Accise o Imposte di Fabbricazione e consumo (Inland Duties) IVA (VAT) * Standard Rate 20% (since Oct 1997) Reduced Rate 10% Italy VAT Recovery Time: 18 months Italy VAT Registration Threshold Non-Resident: Nil Inheritance Tax ; Gift Tax There is no longer any tax on inherited property, regardless of its value and the relationship between the deceased and the heirs. On immovable property and real property rights, the catastral tax (imposta catastale) and land registry tax (imposta ipotecaria) must be paid at the rates of one percent and two percent, respectively, of the cadastral value of the property or the real property rights included in the inheritance. If one of the beneficiaries satisfies the conditions for the main or only residence (prima casa), the cadastral and land registry taxes due on an inheritance or a gift are a fixed amount of â‚ ¬168 each. In relation to gifts, the rules vary depending on the degree of kinship and the value of the gift. There are no taxes payable on gifts in favour of a spouse, descendants or other relatives up to the fourth degree. Gifts in favour of persons other than those mentioned above are subject to taxes on the transfer if the value of the share due to each beneficiary is greater. Other Taxes There are other taxes payable to central, regional, provincial or local governments. These are usually paid once a year. Bollo Auto (Car Tax), which includes the tax on your car radio and the stamp duty on your Italian driving licence * Bollo Moto (Motorbike Tax) * Bollo Motorino (Scooter Tax) * Canone RAI (TV Tax) * Tassa Rifiuti (Garbage Tax) * Imposta Comunale Sugli Immobili ICI (Municipal Property Tax) Deductible Burdens and Tax Allowances Tax allowances include the so-called no-tax area, (a deduction of between â‚ ¬3,000 and â‚ ¬7,500 to avoid taxing those on low incomes), as well as allowances for dependant family members (dependant wife and/or children). Some deductible burdens (oneri deducibili) are expenses which can be used to reduce the total income. For example: some types of medical expenses, national insurance contributions, donations to religious institutions, donations to universities, research bodies and associations for the protection of assets of artistic interest, the cadastral income (income deriving from the value of any land owned) of the main residence are considered to be deductible burdens. Some deductible burdens are expenses which can be used to reduce the amount of the gross tax due. Again by way of example: medical expenses, passive interest on mortgages, education expenses, donations to Bodies or Foundations for research, for performing arts, for social purposes, donations to political parties. Each type of expense has its own rules for the deductions. For example: from rental property income a fixed amount of 15 percent of the income is deducted for expenses, while from business and self-employed income the expenses sustained for the carrying out of the activity are deducted. Some unearned incomes are taxed only on 40 percent of the amount. The majority of these burdens are not deductible from the income of non-residents. Other deductions in Italy Deductions must be made from the following payments to nonresidents according to this table: * Dividend27 (1. 375% to EU and EEA residents) * Royalties22. 5% * Interest12. 5 / 27% * Directors Remuneration20% Deduction at source in the case of a dividend, royalties and interest paid to foreign residents is subject to the Double Taxation Prevention Treaty. Double Taxation Treaties Double taxation treaties contain rules that determine in which country an individual is resident. Italian residents are taxed on their world-wide income, subject to certain treaty exceptions. Non-residents are normally taxed only on income arising in Italy. Citizens of most other countries are exempt from paying taxes in their home country when they spend a minimum period abroad, e. g. a year. Double taxation treaties are designed to ensure that income that has already been taxed in one treaty country isn’t taxed again in another treaty country. The treaty establishes a tax credit or exemption on certain kinds of income, either in the country of residence or the country where the income was earned. Where applicable, a double taxation treaty prevails over domestic law. Italy has double taxation treaties with over 60 countries, including all members of the EU, Australia, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland India, Israel, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Romania, RSA, Russia, Singapore, the Slovak Republic, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Turkey, and the US. Bibliography: SOCR. CZ. Pravidla pro volny pohyb sluzeb a svobodu usazovani v  EU- Italie. [online]. [cit. 2010-04-12]. URL:http://www. ocr. cz/images/prirucka/pdf/it. pdf, cit. 1 BUSINESSINFO:CZ. Italie: Financni a danovy sektor [online]. [cit. 2010 012]. URL:http://www. businessinfo. cz/cz/sti/italie-financni-a-danovy-sektor/5/1000683/ ANGLOINFO. COM. Personal Taxes Income Tax, Capital Gains Inheritance Tax in Italy. [online]. [cit. 2010 012]. URL: http://rome. angloinfo. com/countries/italy/tax. asp CANADINTERNATIONAL. GC :CA. Income and Other Taxes in Italy. [online]. [cit. 2010 012]. http://www. canadainternational. gc. ca/italy-italie/consular_services_consulaires/tax_italy-italie_taxes. aspx? lang=eng

Free Essays on Los Ninos

Los Nià ±os â€Å"Planeando auto-confianza, una semilla a la vez.† El objetivo de Los Nià ±os es promover la autosuficiencia y la participacià ³n comunitaria a travà ©s de proyectos educativos y al desarrollo. Los Nià ±os generalmente gana $130,000 por aà ±o para donar alas familias pobres, especialmente los nià ±os, en Tijuana y Mexicali, Mà ©xico y en San Diego, California. Mi pap es el presidente del consejo de directores de la organizacià ³n desde 1985. Asà ­ he expuesto a Los Nià ±os por sobre de quince aà ±os. Espero eventualmente seguir en las huellas de mi pap y contribuir ms a Los Nià ±os. La razà ³n porque comenzà ³ Los Nià ±os fue porque las estadà ­sticas relacionando a la nutricià ³n, la salud, y el ecolà ³gico son increà ­ble y sigue siendo asà ­ hoy dà ­a. La mayor causa de la enfermedad en Mà ©xico, es desnutricià ³n. La tasa de la mortalidad infantil es 22 muertos por 1000 nacimientos. El hambre y la desnutricià ³n contribuyen casi a a la mitad de los muertos de los jà ³venes. Adems, 40 por ciento de la poblacià ³n adulto estn desnutridos y 2/3 de todos las personas consumen menos de las calorà ­as requeridas por dà ­a. Por consiguiente, los 1600 participantes y 8000 beneficiares ayudarn estas personas. Los Nià ±os fue establecido por Roque Barros en 1974 para dar socorro directo en la forma de comida y ropa. La idea fue ayudar las reas pobres de Tijuana, Mà ©xico. Los Nià ±os es una organizacià ³n sin fin lucrativo asistiendo a las familias viviendo a lado de la frontera de California y Mà ©xico desde 1974. En el aà ±o 1975, Los Nià ±os comenzà ³ su primer programa para ganar fondos, â€Å"caminata-a-thon,† lo cual consigue mucho dinero cada aà ±o. La organizacià ³n inicià ³ los programas de nutricià ³n, de agricultura, y de educacià ³n. Recientemente en los à ºltimos aà ±os, se hizo una organizacià ³n poderosa que ayuda mucha gente desdichada. La parte de participacià ³n ms importante de Los Nià ±os es la â€Å"caminata-a-tho... Free Essays on Los Ninos Free Essays on Los Ninos Los Nià ±os â€Å"Planeando auto-confianza, una semilla a la vez.† El objetivo de Los Nià ±os es promover la autosuficiencia y la participacià ³n comunitaria a travà ©s de proyectos educativos y al desarrollo. Los Nià ±os generalmente gana $130,000 por aà ±o para donar alas familias pobres, especialmente los nià ±os, en Tijuana y Mexicali, Mà ©xico y en San Diego, California. Mi pap es el presidente del consejo de directores de la organizacià ³n desde 1985. Asà ­ he expuesto a Los Nià ±os por sobre de quince aà ±os. Espero eventualmente seguir en las huellas de mi pap y contribuir ms a Los Nià ±os. La razà ³n porque comenzà ³ Los Nià ±os fue porque las estadà ­sticas relacionando a la nutricià ³n, la salud, y el ecolà ³gico son increà ­ble y sigue siendo asà ­ hoy dà ­a. La mayor causa de la enfermedad en Mà ©xico, es desnutricià ³n. La tasa de la mortalidad infantil es 22 muertos por 1000 nacimientos. El hambre y la desnutricià ³n contribuyen casi a a la mitad de los muertos de los jà ³venes. Adems, 40 por ciento de la poblacià ³n adulto estn desnutridos y 2/3 de todos las personas consumen menos de las calorà ­as requeridas por dà ­a. Por consiguiente, los 1600 participantes y 8000 beneficiares ayudarn estas personas. Los Nià ±os fue establecido por Roque Barros en 1974 para dar socorro directo en la forma de comida y ropa. La idea fue ayudar las reas pobres de Tijuana, Mà ©xico. Los Nià ±os es una organizacià ³n sin fin lucrativo asistiendo a las familias viviendo a lado de la frontera de California y Mà ©xico desde 1974. En el aà ±o 1975, Los Nià ±os comenzà ³ su primer programa para ganar fondos, â€Å"caminata-a-thon,† lo cual consigue mucho dinero cada aà ±o. La organizacià ³n inicià ³ los programas de nutricià ³n, de agricultura, y de educacià ³n. Recientemente en los à ºltimos aà ±os, se hizo una organizacià ³n poderosa que ayuda mucha gente desdichada. La parte de participacià ³n ms importante de Los Nià ±os es la â€Å"caminata-a-tho...

Hobbe's notion of political obligation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hobbe's notion of political obligation - Essay Example A proper insight into Hobbes’ concept of political obligation or the moral conduct that every individual must have towards political order has been provided within the scope of this paper. Every man has a moral duty to obey the laws of the land that he is bound by; this is the concept of political obligation. According to Hobbes, individuals came together in the form of a social contract in order to live in a civil society in a sophisticated manner. Hobbes presented this state of nature in the backdrop of the American Civil War in 1651 where life was brutish, poor, nasty, solitary and hellish for every man. Thus, he postulated the theory of a sovereign central power being there to guide everyone and provide them with certain rights and duties at the same time. Political duty has been said to be one of man’s main obligations; something that he is bound to follow and carry out in order to serve the State. Political obligation is thus an obligation or a duty that every cit izen belonging to a State has, to follow the law and live by the rules that have been laid down in the land. Anyone who has an obligation to obey the law thus has a moral duty to discharge, at least when there are no overriding moral considerations that justify disobedience. Obligation may differ from a duty or a sense of morality to be exact in a number of ways, the most simple of the reasons being that obligation is a compulsion or a ‘moral’ right of a man to carry out a duty. For Hobbes, the social contract theory meant that every man would have his own rights and powers and freedom and would not be restricted by others living within the same society. However, he would have to follow the sovereign authority of the state and would be obligated to derive and obey the law from the consent of the governing body. This raises a fundamental question in the minds of most political philosophers, â€Å"Why should we obey the government, and when, if ever, do we have the right not to? â€Å"The rational necessity of renouncing our rights and investing them in an all-powerful sovereign, he concludes that our obligation to obey such a sovereign is absolute, right up to the moment when he actually attempts our destruction.† (Duff, Konstancja) As per the laws of nature, Hobbes stated that if a man desired his own preservation in the eyes of the State then he must act according to the rules that were laid down by the sovereign powers. He writes that the judgement that the sovereign authority passes is maintained as the trump card or the deciding factor for everything that takes place within the State. Thus, following the same concept, political obligation recognises the same and as per this private normative judgements of the people might never be taken into account. Disobedience of the law of the land may only be taken into account when a person’s life is in immediate threat or danger. Political obligation in simple terms only refers to a civic duty that every citizen possesses. Hobbes maintained the fact that it was important to obey the rules and regulations laid down or dictated by anyone trying to maintain political order as a part of political obligation of a person. Such tyranny made people unhappy and uneasy to follow. He was opposed by political philosophers like John Locke for stating his version of political

Place Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Place - Research Paper Example The reforms were used to make up the centralized the cultural and religious authority and power of the kingdom it helped in the assimilation of the local region in the through education. The most recent reform in the 29th century is the strategy to have the decentralization of the education. Movements that feel the change is detrimental to the heritage of the civil society countered them. At the start of the 1990s, there were quite a few examinations of democratization in Southeast Asia, where the observers argued that democratization in Southeast Asia was related to internal factors. These factors include the rapid change in the financial system, the cohesion or factionalization of dictatorial rulers, the sensitivity of the authenticity of administration, the size and approach of the middle classes, and inclination in civil culture. By distinction, recent educational analyses have accented the importance of peripheral factors on democratization and opinionated change in the Southeast Asian countries. Others have argued that internal forces, which press for democratization in the Southeast Asian countries habitually, gain power from external constituents, chiefly from the spread of democratic standards within the context of globalization. During the decade of the 1990s, Thailand went from the silent nation into a more exposed to international events nation. Naturally, Thailand was previously an open economy, and had received two previous influences of globalization. The initial beginning was in the late nineteenth century, which was the development of the rice market, and the subsequent in the late 1950s where the countrys initiation under the United States Cold War approach and fiscal support. However, most analysts agree that globalization in the 1990s has had a superior concentration. This was most obvious during the 1997--98 lucrative crisis whose descents lay in the nations economic freedom and better publicity to unconventional intercontinental

E-Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E-Business Strategy - Essay Example Kourdi defines business strategy as â€Å"the plans, choices and decisions used to guide a company to greater profitability and success† (3). In e-business terms, we can mould this definition to state that e-business strategy is the plans, choices and decisions that are used by the business owners to guide their electronic transactions with other businesses, customers, suppliers, executives, partners and investors to achieve high end productivity in the virtual world. If the e-business owners are able to implement clearly focused strategy, they are then able to provide commercial success to their virtual businesses. On the other hand, if the strategy is faulty, this leads to total destruction of the company in the short or long run. Therefore, it is important to understand the importance of e-business strategy which is quite different from the real world business strategy. It is also important to differentiate between the strategic plans and otherwise decisions because many bu sinessmen have the â€Å"tendency to label every plan and decision strategic when most are about implementing strategy rather than setting it†, according to Kourdi (3). Successful E-Business Strategy- An Example How and why e-business strategies are successful is understood when the results and outcomes are observed. Dave mentions in his book that when the e-business owner knows in which direction he will drive his company and what kind of organizational culture he is going to impart to his e-business so as to enhance the productivity and attract e-consumers efficiently, this enables them to lay down such a strategic plan that helps them achieve their mission. E-business strategies are successful because they tend to clarify the mission statement and the vision of the e-company thus resulting in goal-based and productive performance of the company in the cyberspace. Dave mentions in his book many examples of successful e-businesses out of which a very interesting one is that of the Dow Chemical (p.249). According to Dave, Dow chemical is the result of implementation of a successful e-business strategy

SADC: Recent Developments and Achievements :: History

SADC: Recent Developments and Achievements Introduction Regional groupings such as SADC aims to bring neighbouring countries into a league or association or union where they will be able to work together in terms of matters concerning politics, economics and development, the ultimate being regional integration. The concept of regional integration is nothing new. During biblical times the Canaanites comprising of different countries formed a union to deal with the invading band of Israelites from Egypt. The intention of regional integration is to form a centre that will promote the interests of all the member countries - as the old adage says ‘there is strength in numbers’. In Africa, regional integration is necessary considering that the majority of African countries are small, weak and poor. Integrating the countries of Africa will help them in dealing with the issues of globalisation that poses a serious threat poor nations. In international stages such as the United Nations, World Trade Organisation, International Monetary Fund and the World Bank the voices of smaller countries such as Lesotho, Swaziland, Seychelles, Benin, etc are not heard. With regional integration we are assuming that smaller countries such as Swaziland, Lesotho, Botswana can come together and form one community like the SADC. Doing this they can form a collective powerful force that will enable them to deal with such burning issues like eradication of poverty, globalisation and social epidemics like HIV/AIDS. Looking at the cases of Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Angola can highlight the benefits of regional integration. Tanzanian economy has stagnated since the eighties and failed to develop. It is only now that it is active member of the SADC that its economy is beginning to grow. DRC and Angola that have been ravaged by political shenanigans where warlords and rebels were the order of the day are learning from the other member countries like South Africa, Botswana that are politically stable. Communities such as the SADC have organs of politics and economic developments – organs that deal with the promotion and creation of democratic cultures while on the other hand facilitating economic developments to member countries. SADC’s Decentralised Approach Before 2001 the countries forming the SADC have identified many common challenges. These challenges are divided into sectors and are illustrated in the following diagram. Environment and land managementInland fisheries, forestry and wildlife Tourism Culture, information and sport Marine fisheries and resources Finance and investment Human resources development Industry and trade Employment and labour Food, agriculture and natural resources Water conservation and distribution Transport and communication

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Essay

At first, I disagree with this statement. I think Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is universally appropriate or applicable to all businesses. Customer relationship management refers to a series of processes, focused on initiating two-way communication exchanges with customers to have a detailed knowledge of their specific needs and buying patterns. The major benefit of a CRM system is that it helps business organizations in determining the type of customer best suited for the growth of their business. CRM enables business organizations to formulate strategies focusing on customer-driven growth and in providing superior and friendly customer experience There are four advantages of CRM that businesses should implement this strategy. * Customer Satisfaction By implementing CRM strategies, the company can focus on improving customer satisfaction through examination of customer preferences, demographics and interests. This information may be collected through automated surveys or personal phone calls from customer service representatives. Customer research may be performed to discover the reasons why one product is more popular than another. Customers typically enjoy the attention they receive and the interest in their happiness and satisfaction with the product, and the data that is collected can help the company produce better products and services in the future, contributing to improved customer satisfaction. This also improves customer retention over the long run. * Marketing The data that is collected through customer research can provide ideas for marketing and advertising for a big business. With many products or services to market, a large company may have difficulty targeting different customers for each item. However, customer research will provide information about what the customer likes about the product, what they are looking for in future products, and what purpose they would like the product to serve. All of this information provides great content for print or commercial advertisements and packaging designs for each product. * Lowered Costs By automating customer service with CRM software, the company can easily gain customer research through online or telephone surveys. The software automatically formats and calculates the data, making it faster and easier to collect this information. Fewer customer service representatives will be needed for collecting this information and less time will be spent preparing reports on customer research. Another advantage is word-of-mouth advertising from satisfied customers; as CRM strategies make customers happier, they become more likely to bring in new customers through word-of-mouth, which lowers the cost of finding a new customer. * Brand Image As customer satisfaction and retention improves, the corporation’s brand image may begin to improve as well. Customers will begin to associate the brand with good customer service, quality products and a personable approach. The CRM strategy’s focus on the customer will let each buyer know that their input is valued by the company. This can attract more customers and continue to create loyal customers to the brand. There is an example about effective implement of CRM. ICICI Bank has to manage more than 13 million customers. The bank has over 550 branches, a network of 2025 ATMs, multiple call centres, Internet banking and mobile banking. Its customers often use multiple channels, and they are increasingly turning to electronic banking options. Business from the Internet. ATMs and other electronic channels now comprise more than 50 per cent of all transactions. In the process of making its business grow to this level, ICICI Bank has distinguished itself from other banks through its relationship with customers. The Teradata solution focuses on a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) platform. Information from various legacy and transaction systems is fed into a single enterprise called wide data warehouse. This allows the bank to generate a single view of its customers. The warehouse has the capability to integrate data from multiple sources comprising Oracle and flat files. The Behaviour Explorer enables profiling of customers and querying on various parameters. These enable the bank staff create suitable campaigns for targeting individual customers on the basis of their requirements. To sum up, CRM is one of the best ways of determining the marketing strategies and other services offered to the customer. A well planned CRM can help organizations predict the current trend in the market and provide better services for customers befitting the trend, in turn increasing the business returns. The three major aspects of CRM are an operational system, a collaborative CRM and an analytical CRM. The customer relationship management concepts adopted by each company differ with their organizational objectives. There are 3 challenges of implementing CRM. * Costs One of the biggest challenges facing companies trying to implement CRM is the cost associated with purchasing, installing and training employees to use new software, according to CRMInfoline.com. CRM often doesn’t deliver the return of investment that companies hope for, though this is typically the cause of a poorly implemented system or poorly trained staff. While a properly implemented system should, eventually, show a good return on investment, CRMInfoline.com claims these results could take years to see in full effect as the new system takes root and customer awareness and participation grow. * Transition In order for a business to use a CRM solution properly, nearly the entire business will have to change. Most companies operate on an â€Å"us first, customers second† mentality, whereas CRM-centric businesses focus on placing customers and their satisfaction before the company. Furthermore, CRM systems are typically very complex and span multiple departments, meaning most employees will have to go through some sort of training that will inhibit them, at least somewhat, from performing their normal work duties. * In-House Versus Supported System Supported systems are CRM solutions that are taken care of or outsourced to another company. While in-house CRM software can be more effective, it’s much more difficult to implement. Companies without any current CRM implementation should consider supported systems more than companies with at least some current level of CRM, according to TMCNet.com. Supported systems typically cost less to implement because they’re not as in-depth or effective as in-house solutions. Jollibee is a phenomenal success story, having grown from two ice cream parlours in 1975 to over 1,800 restaurants worldwide today, including the strategic acquisitions of high profile brands like Greenwich Pizza, Deli France, Red Ribbon and Chow King. The company now operates 300 international outlets in markets in the United States, across Asia and throughout the Middle East. The big business like Jollibee must implement complete and effective CRM strategy. * Form a cross-organizational team. A cross-organizational, or cross-functional team, is made up of leaders from each core department in Jollibee. Representatives usually include at least one member from sales, service, marketing, support, management, IT, finance, and any other functional area in Jollibee. * Jollibee should decide what project goals to begin with (customer acquisition, sales growth, service improvement, or something else). Once goals are laid out, phases for installation of CRM can begin. This includes technology and software implementation led by IT, communication of new roles and responsibilities in each department, and implementation of training and rewards programs. * Provide training. Employees in many functional areas, including, service and support, are likely going to be using new technology devices or software solutions for customer accounts, data collection, customer service, data analysis and other CRM functions. This often requires training on philosophy behind the new system and CRM role as well as technical training on the technology applications. * Measure results. CRM fails without constant measurement. By definition, CRM programs are ongoing and design to improve over time. Feedback and data collected during CRM projects and phases should be analysed, evaluated, and reacted to by the cross-organizational leadership team. Decisions on how to improve the customer experience, behaviours of employees, and any other important components of CRM help guide the next project phases or phases. With CRM systems, Jollibee can streamline their business processes effectively and in accordance with customer needs. Customer Relationship Management software is employed by Jollibee to manage and organize their customer database and contacts. Proper customer relationship management solutions are necessary for any business firm to empower their staff, to expand their business and to provide quality customer care services. Task 2 There are 5 possible negative impacts caused by heavy-use of sales promotions. 1. Increased price sensitivity Consumers wait for the promotion deals to be announced and then purchase the product. This is true even for brands where brand loyalty exists. Customers wait and time their purchases to coincide with promotional offers on their preferred brands. Thus, the routine sales at the market price are lost and the profit margin is reduced because of the discounts to be offered during sale-season. 2. Quality image may become tarnished If the promotions in a product category have been rare, the promotions could have a negative effect about its quality image. Consumers may start suspecting that perhaps the product has not been selling well, the quality of the product is true compared to the price or the product is likely to be discontinued because it has become outdated. The Smyle Powder offer of â€Å"Buy 1 and get 2 free† went on and on. Ultimately people stopped asking for the product as the on-going sales promotion strategy made the customers perceive it to be a cheap and an inferior product. 3. Merchandising support from dealers is doubtful In many cases, the dealers do not cooperate in providing the merchandising support nor do they pass on any benefit to consumers. The retailer might not be willing to give support because he does not have the place, or the product does not sell much in his shop, or maybe he thinks the effort required is more than the commission/benefit derived. 4. Short-term orientation Sales promotions are generally for a short duration. This gives a boost to sales for a short period. This short-term orientation may sometimes have negative effects on long-term future of the organization. Promotions mostly build short-term sales volume, which is difficult to maintain. Heavy use of sales promotion, in certain product categories, may be responsible for causing brand quality image dilution. 5. Harmful Effect of Band image If a brand is perceived by consumers as being a value rather than premium brand, it is more likely to receive the most benefit from a price-based sales promotion. However, overuse of price-based sales promotions for any brand can have devastating effects on the brand’s image. This is particularly true for premium and super-premium brands or products and services in which the consumer has difficulty judging product quality in other ways, such as legal services or vitamins. The objective behind sales promotional tools is to keep current customers while attracting new ones, maintaining sales of seasonal products, introducing new products and challenging competitors. The essence of sales promotion involves using all forms of promotional activities, besides personal selling and advertising, to improve sales. In order to gain a strong foothold in the Malaysian market, Jollibee need effective sales promotional tools to fight its competitor. Coupons Coupons are one sales promotional tool. Customers get coupons in several ways, including via newspapers, magazines, online or mail. Customers present coupons to the retailer while buying merchandise in order to receive a discount or free product. For example, a customer of Jollibee use a coupon which takes 50 per cent off a set of meal costing $10, he saves $5. Bonus Offers Bonus offers or gifts with purchase are widely used promotional tools. When customers purchase a product, sometimes a bonus product is given along with it. The purpose is to increase the sale of the product and to make it more attractive by offering an additional item. When customers spent up to $20, he will get a free ice cream. Free Samples Another popular promotional tool is the free sample. When a customer is in the store purchasing certain products, he may receive a free sample of deodorant, shampoo, energy drinks food or candy. Usually, free samples don’t require the customer to purchase anything. Free samples can be given to a particular target audience in order to attract that type of customer. Jollibee can put new product as free samples to get feedback. Premiums Premiums are extras added to sweeten a purchase for a customer. For example, a software company might add a year of free technical support for a customer who buys an expensive software program. Jollibee can offer special toys in their children meals. Offering premiums gives a business owner the opportunity to partner with complementary businesses, creating a wider target audience. This premium creates a win-win situation for everyone involved. It provides a demonstration to potential customers uses referrals to introduce the companies to potential customers and provides a free, useful gift to existing customers. Mystery Rewards Scratch-and-win cards or raffles for prizes are other popular promotional tools. The key is this mystery reward has enough attraction to attract customers. Popular food and unique gift will be work. Money Back Offers When customers doubt the quality or reliability of Jollibee, offer a money-back guarantee. Give a detailed explanation of eligible returns and refunds available for customer reference. Point of Purchase Displays Point of purchase displays is used in Jollibee to catch the attention of customers. The selected products may be sale items but may also be seasonal or high-demand merchandise. The displays are built in a prominent location such as on an aisle end or at the front of the store near the entrance. Jollibee may also place signs at the product’s normal shelf locations. Sales A sale is a reduction in the price of a product for a specified period of time. Sales are used by manufacturers to gain new users or to increase market share. They also generate traffic in a retail establishment. Sales can result in off-season purchases that normally would not occur, such as Jollibee offer special food at 50 per cent off in Malaysia festivals. Besides, some points about sales promotion are important. A sales promotion constructed to inform customers about a new product might include an advertisement in a local paper explaining the product and inviting customers to visit a Web site for a coupon offer. An activity like this can be measured by tracking the number of people who receive the paper, the number of people who visit the Web site, the number of people who download the coupon and the number of people who actually use the coupon. Reminding customers about a product or service is just as important as an initial product introduction. Something as simple as setting up an in-store display with coupons or having customers complete a survey to indicate how often they use the product keeps brands fresh in consumers’ minds. Information gathered from the survey can expose how often customers use a product, how familiar they are with a product and if they plan to use it more in the future. Couple this with a discount coupon and Jollibee can even track the number of people who make a purchase after completing the survey. A follow-up survey can assess things like customer satisfaction and likelihood for a repeat purchase. Sales promotions are a great way to inform and remind customers about Jollibee. Ultimately, the main objective of these activities is to increase revenue. Weigh the cost of promotional sales campaign against the total revenue Jollibee expect to receive. Consider that many companies are spending up to 60 per cent of advertising budgets on sales promotions. Be sure that Jollibee’s promotional campaign is both cost-effective and profitable. These sales promotion techniques can help Jollibee gain a strong foothold in the Malaysian market. References 1. Why Customer Relationship Management is so important? (2008) By Article Alley [online] Available from http://praveenortec.articlealley.com/why-customer-relationship-management-is-so-important-576369.html [Accessed on 12 Jan 2013] 2. Challenges of Implementing a CRM (2010) By Matt Koble [online] Available from http://www.ehow.com/list_6631188_challenges-implementing-crm.html [Accessed on 12 Jan 2013] 3. Tools of Sales Promotion (2005) By Chris Joseph [online] Available from http://www.ehow.com/list_6073558_tools-sales-promotion.html [Accessed on 12 Jan 2013] 4. Disadvantages of Sales Promotion (2008) By Drypen [online] Available from http://drypen.in/sales-promotion/disadvantages-of-sales-promotion.html [Accessed on 12 Jan 2013]

Scenes from Paradise - Jewish Roman Mosaics from Tunisia